四. 非谓语动词的特殊形式

形式	非谓语动词	意义和用法	例句
复合结构	不定式	for sb to do sth这种结构可用先行代词it作形式主语面将该结构后移作真正主语。	It is impossible for me to do this. It is for you to decide. It is time for us to do this. There is a lot of work for us to do. I'd like you to do it. 常引导该形式的形容词有：dangerous, easy, useful, hard, difficult, strange, astonishing, pleasant, fortunate lucky, necessary, reasonable, right, wrong, natural, interesting.
		with+名词或代词 to do sth的复合结构表示将要发生的动作	I feel quite easy, with her to help me.
		It (That) is +形容词 of to do sth. 表示性格特征，行为表现。	It kind of you to help me. 常引导该形式的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, considerate, clever, cunning, clumsy, decent, foolish, good, honest, impudent, naughty, nice, polite, right, rude, silly, splendid, wise, wrong, wonderful, thoughtful.
		send, bring, take 等动词表目的时，可带出自己的逻辑主语。	The king sent the official to have a look.
	动名词	动名词之前的名词，如果是有生命的，通常用所属格表示，如果是无生命的，则用通格表示，现在有一种趋势用名词和代词代替所有格。	His coming won't help much. I don't mind your (you) smoking. They insisted on our staying there. We are happy about his coming to see us. Do you remember Mary coming to see you? I objected to you smoking here.
	分词	分词短语作状语时，一船没有自己的主语，其逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，但有时分词短语可以有自己的主语，由名词和代词表示放在分词短语之前，它们存在着逻辑主谓关系	He stood there with his hand rising (raised). We walked in, he leading the way. Greeting being over, they got down to business. He cried suddenly, tears rolling down his checks. His leg being badly hurt, he had to sty in bed. There being nobody in the room, we didn't go in.
无主语句子	不定式	多用于否定形式。	Why stay in the room? Why not ask the teacher?
	动名词	征求别人意见。	What about playing basketball? How about going to see a film?
感叹句	不定式	多表示要发生的事。	To think how I started! To invite him! You are asking for trouble.
	分词	表示的意义根据句子而定。	Going to Beijing! What for? Finished my book! I have just started.
其它形式	不定式	相当语这些疑问代词和副词引导的从句。	What to do next has not been decided. What worries me most is how to do it I don't know how to leave. We are seeking the way in which to make the work easy. It is not yet decided whether to discuss this. 常见引导该形式的动词有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, understand, wonder
		分裂式不定式，被副词分开。	He wants to really know this.
	动名词	用do和go构成的短语。	Go shopping, (hunting, fishing, swimming, walking, dancing, skating, skiing) Do some reading (shopping, sewing, washing)
	分词	悬浮式分词, 可以和主句的主语不一致。	1) admitting that…, supposing that…, provided (that)…, regarding, seeing that…, concerning that…, granted…, owing to dangle  2) talking about…, judging from..  Judging from his clothes, he is a doctor.

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英语中将来时的表示形式 

赵宝斌

    表示将要发生的动作和状态在英语中用将来时，将来时在英语中有多种表达形式，为了掌握它们的区别和用法，下面笔者对它们进行分类总结。

形式	动作行为	时间发生	语气和情态	意义和用法	例句
will/shall +v	主观或客观	近期或远期	含有情态的色彩（意想，决心），	表示在将来某一时间会发生或经常发生的动作或存在的状态。可用于表示不以人们的意志为转移的事。	Tomorrow will be Sunday. Tom will be 20 next year. Will you go to the party tonight?
to be going to +v	主观	近期	主语的意图	表示即将发生的事或最近打算进行的动作。多用于口语中，表示说话者的意图，推测和打算，可表示自然和生理现象。	I think it is going to rain.  She is going to have a baby. They are going to get married next week. The bridge is going to collapse.
be +v ing	客观	近期	较婉转	表示按计划和安排即将发生的动作。动词多是一些“来去”移动词，如：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, stop, return, stay, drive, travel, remain, land等。	President is speaking on the air tonight. He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. The plane is landing soon..
to be to +v	客观或主观	近期或远期	职责和义务	表示按计划，安排即将要发生的动作， 或征求对方的意见或表示命令。受人们的意志所支配。比较正式。	Am I to go on with the work？ We are to turn out 10000 cars next year. You are to take the trip.
v	客观	近期		表示根据规定或时刻预计要发生的动作或状态。一般有时间状语， 强调动作是不可改变的，动词多是那些表“来去”“起止”的动词，如：arrive, begin, close, come, depart, dine, end, go, leave, meet, open, part, start, sail, stay, stop, return等，可用表状态的"be"，表示年龄和日期。一般用于肯定句。	The plane leaves at six. This term starts on 1st September. Tomorrow is Saturday. I am fifty in May.
will/shall be+v ing	客观或主观	近期或远期	语气婉转，没有情态的色彩	表示将要发生的动作，有弦外之意，表示事情的正常进程，在计划之中。	I will be seeing him this morning.（Do you want me to do something for you.） I don't think I will be using that book next week. When will you be seeing the president？
to be about to+v	主观或客观	近期		表示将要发生的动作。一般不带表示将来的时间状语。	They are about to leave. Autumn harvest is about to start.